Environmentally Friendly Vehicles Ielts Reading Answers May 2026

Environmentally Friendly Vehicles: Driving Toward a Cleaner Future

As cities choke on smog and governments scramble to meet climate commitments, the race to replace conventional petrol and diesel cars with environmentally friendly vehicles has shifted from niche innovation to urgent necessity. These cleaner alternatives—electric vehicles (EVs), hydrogen fuel-cell cars, and advanced hybrids—offer distinct pathways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve urban air quality, and reshape how we think about mobility. Yet their promise depends on coordinated policy, technological advances, and public willingness to change long-standing habits.

QUESTIONS

Questions 11-13: Summary Completion (No more than TWO words from the passage)

A complete evaluation of an environmentally friendly vehicle’s impact must include its 11) _______________ from manufacturing, not just exhaust emissions. For battery electric vehicles, the battery’s production creates a significant initial carbon 12) _______________ that takes tens of thousands of miles to offset. Ultimately, policy measures such as tax breaks and access to bus lanes have helped overcome barriers like 13) _______________, though charging infrastructure in rural areas remains insufficient.

Questions 1–5: True / False / Not Given

Do the following statements agree with the information in the passage? Write: environmentally friendly vehicles ielts reading answers

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

Battery electric vehicles produce no emissions whatsoever during their entire lifecycle.
The cost of lithium-ion batteries fell by over 85% between 2010 and 2022.
Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles take longer to refuel than battery electric vehicles.
Norway has completely banned the sale of new petrol and diesel cars.
Second-generation biofuels are made from crops that are also used for human food.

Section 3: Sentence Completion / Short Answer

Question: What are the main barriers to the widespread adoption of electric vehicles today? Questions 1–5: True / False / Not Given

Answer 1: (High) Cost / Price (Batteries make them expensive).
Answer 2: (Limited) Range / Distance (Anxiety about running out of power).
Answer 3: Lack of charging infrastructure / Charging points (Not enough places to charge).

Section D: Future Trajectories

Looking toward 2030, several innovations promise to redefine the landscape. Solid-state batteries, which replace liquid electrolytes with solid compounds, offer two to three times the energy density of current lithium-ion cells while virtually eliminating fire risk. If mass-produced, they could reduce battery weight by 40% and charging times to under 15 minutes.

Additionally, vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology allows EVs to discharge stored electricity back into the power grid during peak demand hours, effectively turning millions of parked cars into decentralised power plants. This symbiotic relationship could stabilise renewable energy sources like wind and solar, which are inherently intermittent. which are inherently intermittent. Finally

Finally, the role of lightweight materials—carbon fibre composites and advanced aluminium alloys—cannot be overstated. Reducing a vehicle’s mass by 10% improves efficiency by approximately 6-8%, regardless of the powertrain.