Facebookapk For Android 422 _verified_ May 2026
In the year 2026, found an old, dust-covered Samsung tablet in his attic. He wiped the screen to find it still worked, running the ancient Android 4.2.2 Jelly Bean.
He felt a wave of nostalgia and wanted to see his old memories, but the modern web was too heavy for the tired processor. He began a digital scavenger hunt for a specific relic: the Facebook APK for Android 4.2.2.
Every modern app store turned him away, claiming his device was a "ghost from the past." But Leo persisted, digging through archived forums and legacy repositories. Finally, he found a version from 2015—a lightweight, blue-and-white portal to a simpler time.
He sideloaded the file, watching the progress bar crawl with breathless anticipation. With a soft chirp, the app opened. There they were: photos of high school graduations, old status updates about nothing in particular, and "pokes" from friends he hadn’t spoken to in a decade.
The old tablet struggled, its battery warming his hands, but for an hour, the "Jelly Bean" device wasn't just tech—it was a time machine.
To post on Facebook using an Android device running version 4.2.2 (Jelly Bean), you can use the standard Facebook application or the more lightweight Facebook Lite version. Option 1: Using the Facebook Application Open the App : Launch the Facebook application on your device. Locate the Post Field : Look for the field labeled "What's on your mind?" at the top of your news feed. Create Your Content Tap the field to start typing a text post. To add media, tap the icon to upload images or videos from your device. Set Your Audience : Tap the audience selector (e.g., ) to choose who can see your post. ) at the top right to share it. Option 2: Using Facebook Lite (Recommended for Older OS)
For older operating systems like Android 4.2.2, the official Facebook Lite APK is often more stable and uses fewer resources. Performance
: It is designed to work on all networks (including 2G) and takes up less storage space. Compatibility
: Latest versions of Facebook Lite still support older Android versions, providing a faster experience than the full app. Troubleshooting Common Issues 422 Unprocessable Content - HTTP - MDN Web Docs
Getting the Best Facebook Experience on Android 4.2.2 Jelly Bean
If you are rocking a classic device running Android 4.2.2 (Jelly Bean), you have likely noticed that the official Google Play Store often says the latest Facebook app is "not compatible with your device". This happens because modern versions of the standard Facebook app generally require Android 6.0 or higher.
However, you can still stay connected. To get Facebook working on your older hardware, your best options are downloading Facebook Lite or finding a specific archived APK that still supports legacy systems. 1. The Best Choice: Facebook Lite APK
For Android 4.2.2, the official Facebook Lite app is the most reliable solution. It was specifically built for older phones and slower 2G networks.
Broad Compatibility: Most versions of Facebook Lite support devices as far back as Android 4.0.
Low Resource Usage: The app is extremely small (usually under 3MB) and uses significantly less RAM and data than the standard version.
Core Features: You can still post updates, share photos, and follow friends, though advanced features like complex AI tools or specific reels integrations may be limited.
How to get it: You can download the latest compatible version directly from the Official Facebook Lite Website or via trusted mirrors like APKMirror. 2. Standard Facebook APK (Legacy Versions)
If you prefer the look of the "Full" Facebook app, you must use a legacy version. The standard app dropped support for older Jelly Bean versions years ago, but some older releases still function if they can connect to Facebook's servers. Facebook Lite for Android - Download the APK from Uptodown
Facebook APK for Android 4.2: A Comprehensive Guide
In the world of social media, Facebook has established itself as a leading platform, connecting billions of users worldwide. With its vast array of features, Facebook has become an essential part of our daily lives. However, not all Android devices are compatible with the latest version of Facebook, which can be a frustrating experience for users. This is where the Facebook APK for Android 4.2 comes into play.
What is Facebook APK?
APK stands for Android Package File, which is the file format used to distribute and install applications on Android devices. The Facebook APK is essentially the installation file for the Facebook app on Android devices. By downloading and installing the Facebook APK, users can install the app on their devices, even if it's not available on the Google Play Store.
Why do you need Facebook APK for Android 4.2?
Android 4.2, also known as Jelly Bean, is an older version of the Android operating system, released in 2012. While it's still functional, many apps, including Facebook, have dropped support for this version. The latest version of Facebook requires a minimum of Android 5.0 (Lollipop) to run, which means users with Android 4.2 devices are left out.
Benefits of using Facebook APK for Android 4.2
By using the Facebook APK for Android 4.2, users can enjoy the following benefits:
- Access to Facebook: The most obvious benefit is that users can access Facebook on their devices, even if it's not available on the Google Play Store.
- Older version of Facebook: The Facebook APK for Android 4.2 usually comes with an older version of the app, which is compatible with the device.
- No need for updates: Since the APK is an older version, users don't need to worry about updating the app, which can be a problem on older devices.
How to download and install Facebook APK for Android 4.2
Downloading and installing the Facebook APK for Android 4.2 is a relatively straightforward process. However, users need to be cautious when downloading APK files from third-party sources, as they may contain malware or other security risks.
Here's a step-by-step guide to download and install Facebook APK for Android 4.2:
- Enable unknown sources: Go to Settings > Security > Unknown sources and enable it.
- Download Facebook APK: Find a reputable source that offers the Facebook APK for Android 4.2 and download it.
- Install the APK: Once the download is complete, install the APK file.
- Open Facebook: After installation, open Facebook and log in to your account.
Risks associated with using Facebook APK for Android 4.2
While using the Facebook APK for Android 4.2 can be a convenient solution, there are some risks associated with it:
- Security risks: Downloading APK files from third-party sources can pose security risks, as they may contain malware or other malicious code.
- Outdated features: The older version of Facebook may not have the latest features and security patches.
- No support: Facebook may not provide support for older versions of the app.
Alternatives to Facebook APK for Android 4.2
If you're not comfortable with downloading and installing APK files, there are alternative solutions:
- Update your device: If possible, update your device to a newer version of Android that supports the latest version of Facebook.
- Use a different social media app: Consider using alternative social media apps that are compatible with your device.
Conclusion
The Facebook APK for Android 4.2 can be a useful solution for users who want to access Facebook on their older devices. However, it's essential to be aware of the risks associated with using APK files from third-party sources. By following the steps outlined in this article and being cautious when downloading APK files, users can enjoy Facebook on their Android 4.2 devices.
FAQs
Q: Is it safe to download Facebook APK for Android 4.2? A: Downloading APK files from third-party sources can pose security risks. Make sure to download from reputable sources.
Q: Will I receive updates for the Facebook APK? A: No, since the APK is an older version, you won't receive updates.
Q: Can I use Facebook APK on other Android versions? A: The Facebook APK for Android 4.2 is specifically designed for that version. It may not work on other versions.
Q: Can I uninstall the Facebook APK? A: Yes, you can uninstall the Facebook APK like any other app.
Additional Tips
- Always download APK files from reputable sources.
- Be cautious when granting permissions to the Facebook APK.
- Consider updating your device to a newer version of Android for better security and support.
By following these guidelines and being aware of the risks and benefits, users can make informed decisions about using the Facebook APK for Android 4.2.
How to Install Facebook on Android 4.2.2 (Jelly Bean) in 2026 If you are still using a classic device running Android 4.2.2 Jelly Bean
, you’ve likely noticed that the modern Facebook app from the Google Play Store is no longer compatible. However, you can still stay connected by using specialized "Lite" versions or specific legacy APKs designed for older hardware. 1. Best Choice: Facebook Lite Facebook Lite
is the most reliable option for Android 4.2.2. It was specifically built to work on older 2G networks and low-power devices. Why it works
: It uses less than 3MB of storage, whereas the standard app can exceed 150MB. Compatibility
: Many versions of Facebook Lite support as far back as Android 4.0 or even 2.2. Where to find it : You can download various versions from 2. Legacy Facebook Main App
If you prefer the full Facebook experience, you must use a "Legacy" APK. Newer versions (e.g., version 555+) require Android 11 or higher. Target Version : Look for Facebook Version 281.0.0.36.124
(released around July 2020), which is one of the last stable versions to support Android 4.1+ : Available at APKMirror - Facebook Legacy 3. Alternative: Friendly Social Browser If official apps are too slow, try Friendly Social Browser
. It acts as a lightweight wrapper for the Facebook mobile website but adds extra features like a built-in "Lite" Messenger and ad-blocking. Messaging app Telegram is another option being utilised.
I've successfully found an alternative to apps I used to use on iOS, including Messenger to replace Facetime. Facebook Lite
For a device running Android 4.2.2 (Jelly Bean), you cannot use the current standard Facebook app. You must use either an older "legacy" APK or the official Facebook Lite version, which is specifically designed for older hardware and software. Recommended Facebook Versions for Android 4.2.2
Facebook Lite (Most Stable): This is the best option for Android 4.2.2. It supports versions as low as Android 4.0.
Latest compatible version: You can find recent uploads like Facebook Lite 507.0.0.12.106 or older stable builds like v102.0.0.11.163 on platforms like APKMirror.
Facebook Standard (Legacy): To use the full app, you must find an older APK with a minimum requirement of Android 4.1 (API 16) or lower.
Specific Version: Facebook 267.1.0.46.120 (released around 2020) is one of the last major versions to support Android 4.1+.
Even Older: Facebook 4.0.0.0.2 is a very old legacy version (2014) that supports Android 4.0+. Where to Download
Since the Google Play Store often hides incompatible apps for older OS versions, you can manually download APKs from these reputable repositories: Facebook Lite 102.0.0.11.163 (arm-v7a) (Android 4.0+)
For devices running Android 4.2.2 (Jelly Bean), the standard Facebook app is no longer supported by modern updates. To access Facebook on this version, you generally have two options: Facebook Lite or an older archived version of the main app. Recommended: Facebook Lite
Facebook Lite is designed for older devices and slower networks. It is more likely to remain functional on Jelly Bean than the full-sized application.
Why choose Lite? It uses less RAM, less storage, and is optimized for older operating systems.
Where to find it: You can search for "Facebook Lite APK for Android 4.2.2" on reputable mirror sites like APKMirror or APKPure. Alternative: Archived Facebook APKs
If you require the full Facebook experience, you must download a "Legacy" version (typically versions from 2016–2018).
Compatibility: Look for versions that specify Minimum: Android 4.0.3+ or 4.1+.
Performance: These older versions may be slow, prone to crashing, or have security vulnerabilities. Certain features like "Live Video" or "Marketplace" may not load because they require newer API levels. How to Install
Enable Unknown Sources: Go to Settings > Security and check the box for Unknown Sources to allow installation of apps from outside the Play Store.
Download: Use the browser on your Android device to download the APK file from a trusted mirror. facebookapk for android 422
Install: Open your "Downloads" folder, tap the file, and follow the prompts. Important Considerations
Security: Using outdated apps and operating systems (like 4.2.2) carries security risks as they no longer receive patches.
Browser Alternative: If APKs fail to work, using a lightweight mobile browser (like Opera Mini) to visit facebook.com is often the most reliable way to stay connected on older hardware.
Troubleshooting
| Problem | Solution | |--------|----------| | "App not installed" | Your APK is for ARMv8 (64-bit) but your 4.2.2 device is ARMv7 (32-bit). Download the correct architecture. | | "Parse Error" | The APK requires a higher Android version. Use Facebook Lite instead. | | App opens but crashes | Clear app cache or switch to Facebook Lite / browser. |
Final verdict: For the best experience on Android 4.2.2, skip the main Facebook APK and install Facebook Lite. It’s officially supported, faster, and uses less battery.
Introduction
Facebook is one of the most widely used social media platforms in the world, with billions of active users. While the official Facebook app is available on the Google Play Store for Android devices, some users may not have access to the latest version or may prefer to download an older version of the app for various reasons. In this essay, we will discuss the Facebook APK for Android 4.2.2, its features, and the implications of downloading and installing it.
What is an APK file?
An APK (Android Package File) is a file format used to distribute and install applications on Android devices. APK files contain all the necessary files and information to install and run an app on an Android device. When you download an app from the Google Play Store, it is actually an APK file that is downloaded and installed on your device.
Facebook APK for Android 4.2.2
The Facebook APK for Android 4.2.2 is a version of the Facebook app that is compatible with Android devices running on version 4.2.2 (also known as Jelly Bean). This version of the app was released in 2013 and was one of the most popular versions of the app at that time. The APK file for this version of the app can be downloaded from various third-party websites and installed on Android devices.
Features of Facebook APK for Android 4.2.2
The Facebook APK for Android 4.2.2 offers many of the same features as the newer versions of the app, including:
- News Feed: The app allows users to view and interact with their News Feed, which displays updates from their friends and followed pages.
- Profile: Users can view and edit their profile information, including their profile picture, cover photo, and bio.
- Friends: Users can view and manage their friends list, including adding and removing friends.
- Messaging: The app allows users to send and receive messages with their friends.
- Notifications: Users can view and manage their notifications, including notifications for likes, comments, and messages.
Implications of downloading and installing Facebook APK for Android 4.2.2
While downloading and installing the Facebook APK for Android 4.2.2 may seem harmless, there are some implications to consider:
- Security risks: Downloading and installing APK files from third-party websites can pose security risks, as these files may contain malware or other malicious code.
- Compatibility issues: The app may not be compatible with newer versions of Android or with certain devices, which can cause issues with performance or functionality.
- Outdated features: The app may not have the latest features or security patches, which can make it less secure or less functional than newer versions of the app.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the Facebook APK for Android 4.2.2 is a version of the Facebook app that can be downloaded and installed on Android devices running on version 4.2.2. While it offers many of the same features as newer versions of the app, there are implications to consider, including security risks, compatibility issues, and outdated features. Users should carefully consider these implications before downloading and installing the app. It is always recommended to download and install apps from the official Google Play Store or from trusted sources to ensure security and compatibility.
Running the Facebook APK on Android 4.2.2 (Jelly Bean) is increasingly difficult, as Meta officially supports only Android 6.0 (Marshmallow) and above. While you can install older APK versions, they are prone to slow performance, login glitches, and a lack of modern features. Performance and Stability
Sluggish Responsiveness: On older versions of Android like 4.2.2, the full Facebook app often experiences significant lag when refreshing the News Feed or scrolling.
Login Issues: Users on Jelly Bean have reported getting stuck on the loading screen indefinitely when trying to log in through the app.
Security Risks: Older APKs do not receive the rigorous security fixes or token access updates found in current versions, potentially leaving your data vulnerable. Feature Gaps
Missing Features: Modern additions like Reels, advanced AI-reimagined images, and specialized Marketplace filters are typically absent or broken in older APKs.
Messaging: The ability to send messages was stripped from the main Facebook app years ago. While Messenger was the replacement, it now requires at least Android 5.0 to function. Top Recommendation: Facebook Lite
For Android 4.2.2, Facebook Lite is the most viable option. It is specifically designed for older hardware and slow 2G/3G networks. Facebook – Apps on Google Play
I understand you're looking for information on downloading Facebook APK for Android, specifically version 4.22. Here's what you need to know:
Step 1: Enable Unknown Sources
- Go to Settings → Security (or Privacy).
- Check Unknown Sources → Allow installation of apps from unknown sources.
Essay: "facebookapk for android 422"
The Android ecosystem’s flexibility has enabled a vast third-party app market, with APK files (.apk) serving as the primary package format for distributing Android applications outside official app stores. Among apps frequently shared as APKs is Facebook’s mobile client. The phrase “facebookapk for android 422” suggests a focus on a specific APK build or version identifier (422) and raises questions about distribution, compatibility, security, and user experience. This essay examines what an APK distribution of Facebook entails, what a “422” build might imply, and the practical considerations for users and developers.
APK Distribution and Motivation Android Package (APK) files allow users to sideload apps — installing packages directly rather than through Google Play or other official stores. Users and developers may choose APK distribution for several reasons: accessing region-blocked updates, installing beta or legacy versions, avoiding app store restrictions, or deploying customized builds. For Facebook, APK distributions have historically circulated when users want specific features, reduced telemetry, or versions compatible with older Android releases.
Interpreting “422” The numeric sequence “422” could denote multiple things: an internal build number, part of a semantic version (for example, 4.2.2), or even a shorthand used by an uploader. If it refers to Android 4.2.2 (Jelly Bean), that suggests the APK targets older platform APIs; if it’s a Facebook build 422, it likely indicates an incremental internal release. Accurate interpretation requires metadata from the APK (manifest versionCode/versionName, supported SDK levels) or the distributor’s notes.
Compatibility and Technical Considerations Compatibility is central when considering an APK like “facebookapk for android 422.” Android apps declare minSdkVersion and targetSdkVersion in their manifest. If the APK’s minSdkVersion exceeds the device’s Android version, installation fails. Conversely, apps built for older Android releases may run on modern devices but encounter broken features due to deprecated APIs or changed platform behaviors. Users should check:
- Android OS version on the device versus the APK’s declared minSdkVersion and targetSdkVersion.
- Required permissions and hardware features declared in the manifest.
- Whether the APK includes architecture-specific native libraries (ARM, ARM64, x86).
Security and Trust Sideloading APKs comes with security tradeoffs. Official app stores run vetting processes; APKs from third-party sources may be modified to include malware, spyware, or data-exfiltration components. With a high-profile app like Facebook, malicious actors sometimes distribute repackaged clients that harvest credentials or permissions. To mitigate risk:
- Obtain APKs from reputable sources (official developer site, verified mirrors).
- Verify cryptographic signatures when possible; compare the APK’s certificate with known fingerprints.
- Inspect permissions before installing and monitor network activity after installation.
- Prefer official stores or use developer-distributed beta channels (e.g., Google Play Beta) when possible.
Privacy and Functionality Tradeoffs Some users sideload older or modified Facebook APKs to regain legacy UI features or reduce bloat. However, older builds may lack security patches, introduce compatibility issues with server-side changes, or stop working if Facebook changes API endpoints. Modified clients may block ads or tracking, but they often violate terms of service and risk account suspension. Users should weigh convenience against the risk of losing support, encountering degraded functionality, or exposing personal data.
Legal and Policy Implications Distributing or using modified proprietary apps can breach terms of service and copyright. Repackaging Facebook’s APK and redistributing it without permission raises legal concerns. Enterprises distributing in-house modified clients must ensure proper licensing and compliance. Users should avoid sharing copyrighted or proprietary APKs publicly.
Developer and Research Uses APK analysis is common in security research and compatibility testing. Researchers may extract AndroidManifest.xml, resources, and classes.dex to inspect behavior, dependencies, or embedded third-party libraries. For legitimate development: In the year 2026, found an old, dust-covered
- Use tools like APKTool, jadx, or Android Studio’s APK Analyzer to inspect builds.
- Test on devices or emulators matching the target SDK and architecture.
- Respect licensing and privacy norms when analyzing proprietary apps.
Practical Recommendations
- If the goal is to install Facebook, prefer the official Play Store (or the vendor’s official APK) to ensure authenticity and updates.
- If you require a specific legacy build (e.g., to run on Android 4.2.2 devices), verify the APK’s manifest for minSdkVersion and test in a controlled environment first.
- Always back up device data and use anti-malware tools when sideloading unknown APKs.
- For developers or researchers, maintain a controlled lab environment and obtain permission when dealing with accounts or user data.
Conclusion “facebookapk for android 422” highlights a common set of concerns around side-loading prominent apps: versioning ambiguity, compatibility with older Android releases, and significant security and legal considerations. While APKs offer flexibility for accessing particular builds or supporting legacy devices, they demand caution: verify sources and signatures, understand the APK’s compatibility profile, and be aware of privacy, functional, and legal trade-offs. For most users, official distribution channels remain the safest choice; for specific technical needs, rigorous verification and controlled testing are essential.
Steps to Install
-
Enable Unknown Sources: Go to your device's Settings > Security > Unknown sources, and toggle it on.
-
Download the APK: Use a reputable site like APKMirror or Uptodown to download the Facebook 4.22 APK.
-
Install: Navigate to the downloaded file, tap on it, and follow the on-screen instructions to install.
6. Security Risks of Using an Outdated APK
Extremely high risk – treat this as a legacy curiosity, not daily driver.
- No security patches since 2018 – unpatched remote code execution exploits exist.
- TLS 1.3 not supported – Facebook now requires modern encryption; you may get “connection not secure” errors.
- Malware risk – Fake “Facebook 4.2.2 APK” files on shady sites often contain banking trojans.
- Account theft – Old app vulnerabilities can leak your session token.
Recommendation:
Use Facebook via Chrome browser on Android 4.2.2 instead of the APK. The mobile site (m.facebook.com) is more secure and better maintained for old devices.
Step 2: Find the Correct Version
You cannot just download the "latest" Facebook APK; it won't work. You need a legacy version. Reliable sites for finding older APKs include APKMirror, APKPure, or Uptodown.
Recommended Versions for Android 4.2.2: Look for versions released around 2014 to early 2016.
- Facebook Version 50.0 to Version 80.0 usually works well
Downloading and Installing Facebook for Android 4.2.2 (Jelly Bean)
Finding a working version of Facebook for Android 4.2.2 is a common challenge for users with legacy devices like the Samsung Galaxy Tab 3 or older Sony Xperia models. Because modern versions of the standard Facebook app require much newer software, your best bet is using the Facebook Lite APK or finding a compatible older version of the main application. Top Recommendations for Android 4.2.2
Facebook Lite: This is the official "lightweight" version of the app. It is designed to work on older Android versions and slower networks. You can find the latest version on the Google Play Store or download it directly as an APK from trusted repositories.
Older APK Versions: If you prefer the full Facebook experience, you will need to search for an older APK (specifically version 200 or lower) on sites like APKMirror. Always ensure you are downloading from a reputable source to protect your data privacy.
Browser Access: For the most reliable experience on Jelly Bean, many users prefer using a mobile browser (like Opera Mini) to access Facebook via m.facebook.com. Step-by-Step Installation Guide
Enable Unknown Sources: Go to Settings > Security on your Android device and toggle on "Unknown Sources." This allows you to install apps from sources other than the Play Store.
Download the APK: Use your mobile browser to visit a trusted site and download the Facebook Lite APK or a compatible legacy Facebook APK.
Install: Open your "Downloads" folder, tap the file, and select Install.
Log In: Open the app and sign in. Note that features like Facebook Reels or Meta AI may be limited or unavailable on these older versions. Tips for Better Performance
Clear Cache: Android 4.2.2 has limited RAM. Regularly clear the app's cache in Settings > Apps to keep it running smoothly.
Check Messenger: If the main app works but messaging doesn't, you may need a separate Messenger Lite APK compatible with your OS.
Content Tips: When posting, use strong verbs and detailed nouns to engage your audience. For more reach, consider asking questions or sharing behind-the-scenes content. Facebook - Apps on Google Play
For devices running Android 4.2.2 (Jelly Bean) , the standard modern Facebook app is no longer compatible, as current versions generally require Android 9.0 or higher. To use Facebook on this older OS, you must use Facebook Lite or a specific legacy version of the standard APK. Recommended Options for Android 4.2.2 Facebook Lite (Best Choice)
: This is the most reliable option for older hardware. It is specifically designed to work on older Android phones not supported by the regular app. : Extremely small, often around 2MB–3MB.
: Optimized for 2G networks and unstable internet conditions. Compatibility : Many versions are compatible with Android 4.0 and above Legacy Standard Facebook APK
: If you prefer the full interface, you must find older builds from 2020 or earlier. Compatible Version : Builds such as Facebook 281.0.0.36.124 (released July 2020) are known to support Android 4.1+ Where to find : Safe repositories like host these older versions. Key Feature Comparison Facebook Lite Standard (Legacy) ~45 MB - 50 MB Low (Optimized for <2GB) Data Usage Very Low (Data saver built-in) Core Functions Messaging, Photos, Timeline Full interactive features (may lag) Installation Guide Enable Unknown Sources Settings > Security and toggle on Unknown Sources to allow installation of APKs outside the Play Store. Download the APK
: Use a mobile browser to download a compatible version from
: Open your "Downloads" folder using a file manager and tap the file to begin installation. Facebook Lite 102.0.0.11.163 (arm-v7a) (Android 4.0+) 9 Jul 2018 —
Here is the content tailored for the keyword "facebookapk for android 422" (referring to Android 4.2.2 Jelly Bean).
Since Android 4.2.2 is very old (released in 2012) and the modern Facebook app no longer supports it, the content focuses on compatibility, older versions, and lite alternatives.
Step 3: Download the Correct APK
Use a reputable APK mirror site (like APKMirror.com – owned by the company that runs Android Police). Avoid random APK sites that may contain malware.
How to find it:
- Go to APKMirror (via your device’s browser or a computer).
- Search for "Facebook Android 4.2.2" or "Facebook 176.0.0.44.96".
- Look for the armeabi-v7a version (most common for 2012-2014 devices) – not the 64-bit version.
- Recommended exact file (example):
Facebook 176.0.0.44.96 – nodpi – Android 4.1+
Q: Can I use the mobile website instead?
A: Yes. m.facebook.com works on the stock browser of Android 4.2.2 and requires no installation. However, notifications do not work, and the interface is slower.
