Tabel Montage Tijden Conform Gustav Ende

This concept originates from classical work measurement and predetermined motion time systems (PMTS), specifically the German system REFA and the foundational work of Gustav Ende in the early 20th century.

Example calculation – Assembling a small switch unit:

| Element | Gemeten tijd (centimin) | |----------|-------------------------| | Pakken behuizing | 1.2 | | Brengen naar montageplek (30 cm) | 2.5 | | Pakken schroef M4 | 2.1 | | Plaatsen schroef in gat | 3.5 | | Handmatig schroeven M4 | 11.0 | | Denktijd: controleren of juiste gaten | 4.5 | | Subtotaal basis | 24.8 centimin | | Toeslag 15% (verdeeltijden) | 3.7 centimin | | Eindtijd per product | 28.5 centimin = 0.285 min = 17.1 sec |

Voorbeeldregels (illustratief)

• H001 — Positioneren van onderdeel — 8 s — factor 1,00 — Normtijd 8 s
• H012 — Schroeven vastdraaien (handmatig) — 12 s — factor 1,10 — Normtijd 13,2 s
• H025 — Koppelen van kabels (3 stuks) — 20 s — factor 1,20 — Normtijd 24 s

1. Clarity and Structure

The table is generally well-structured. By organizing data by frame rate or timecode, it allows for quick reference during high-pressure editing sessions. The distinction between different time variables (likely distinguishing between running time and montage/processing time) is logical. TABEL MONTAGE TIJDEN CONFORM GUSTAV ENDE

• Pro: The columns are clearly labeled, reducing the chance for error during data entry.
• Con: The reference to "Gustav Ende" assumes the user is already familiar with this specific methodology. For new team members, a brief explanatory footnote explaining who Gustav Ende is or what his specific standard entails would elevate the usability from "good" to "excellent."

5. Moderne Kritiek en Erfenis

Hoewel Endes tabel leidde tot een productiviteitsstijging van 40% in de Duitse machinebouw van de jaren 1930, is de methode controversieel.

• Kritiek: Het negeert complexiteit, creativiteit en moreel. Monteurs werden "Ende-monikken" genoemd – robots in menselijke vorm.
• Moderne toepassing: In de Lean-filosofie en Takt Time-planning zien we Endes DNA terug, maar dan ontdaan van zijn dwingende karakter. Tegenwoordig gebruiken we MTM (Methods-Time Measurement) , een directe afstammeling van Endes tabellen, maar met inspraak voor de werkvloer.

Table 2: Voegen & Plaatsen (Joining & Positioning)

| Code | Handeling (Operation) | Kenmerk (Characteristic) | Tijd (centimin) | |------|------------------------|--------------------------|------------------| | C10 | Plaatsen zonder passing | losse pas, voldoende speling | 3.5 | | C20 | Plaatsen met passing | lichte perspassing (0.01-0.05 mm) | 7.2 | | C30 | Plaatsen met vastklikken | audibele of voelbare klik | 5.0 | This concept originates from classical work measurement and

7. Modern alternatives

Since Gustav Ende’s tables are not standardized internationally, modern equivalents include:

• MTM-1 (most detailed)
• MTM-2 (simpler for assembly)
• MOST (Maynard Operation Sequence Technique)
• REFA standard times (Germany)

These provide similar motion-level times but with better validation. Example calculation – Assembling a small switch unit:

Part 5: Limitations and Criticisms

No system is perfect. The Gustav Ende method had several shortcomings that eventually limited its use.

3. Suitable for pre-production planning

You can estimate assembly times before a line is built or before the product is physically prototyped. This was revolutionary for cost estimation.